What should controllers do when a pilot reports a malfunction?

When a pilot reports a malfunction, the most appropriate action for air traffic controllers is to provide maximum assistance possible and relay details. This response is critical as it enables the controller to gather all relevant information about the situation, which can help in assessing the severity of the malfunction and determining the best course of action.

Providing maximum assistance involves asking the pilot specific questions about the nature of the malfunction, the aircraft's current status, and its fuel levels. It also includes relaying essential information, such as the nearest airports, current weather conditions, and available resources, to aid the pilot in making informed decisions. This collaborative communication is key to ensuring the safety of the aircraft and its passengers.

Ordering a pilot to land immediately or diverting the aircraft without understanding the full scope of the malfunction could create unnecessary stress and a sense of urgency that may not be warranted. Similarly, advising the pilot to continue flying if possible could also put the aircraft at risk if the situation is more severe than initially reported. The correct approach prioritizes safety through clear communication and support.