What is the term for the phase of flight when an aircraft descends toward the runway for landing?

The term for the phase of flight when an aircraft descends toward the runway for landing is "Final Approach." During this critical phase, the aircraft is typically aligned with the runway and is at a lower altitude, preparing for touchdown. It is characterized by a stabilization of the aircraft’s trajectory and speed as it prepares to land. Pilots and air traffic controllers focus on ensuring that the aircraft safely descends and is on a proper glide path to the runway, which is essential for a successful landing.

In contrast, the "Initial Approach" occurs at a higher altitude and refers to the earlier stages of descent when the aircraft is transitioning from cruising altitude toward the airport. The "Missed Approach" is a procedure used when a landing cannot be completed for various reasons, requiring the aircraft to climb back up and enter a holding pattern or reroute. "Precision Approach" refers to a specific type of approach that uses ground-based precision navigation aids, often resulting in higher accuracy during the final stages of landing, but it does not specifically denote the phase of flight as "Final Approach" does.